Mexican Revolution

During 34 years of Porfirio Diaz's dictatorship there were many coups d'état that were easily subdued by the army. At the beginning of the 20th century the regime opposition had achieved to organize what was called the Liberal Clubs, which promoted subversively worker mobilizations in transnational companies. In 1906 a strike in a mining company in Cananea, Sonora was brutally repressed by the arms.

Nonconformity was general then but no movement from the opposition achieved much due to the lack of ideological support. It wasn't until 1906 when Francisco I. Madero, an educated bourgeois, founded in Coahulia the Anti-Reelection Party with an evident opposite-to-Porfirio Diaz position by its name. After the party gained some popularity Diaz ordered his arrest charging him for riots, however Madero was able to escape to the U.S. from where he published the Plan de San Luis.

With this Plan, Madero disregarded re-elected president Díaz, he convoked to elections and aimed to rise up arms if it was necessary. Plan de San Luis and recently discovered conspiracy against Diaz in Puebla city, stirred up people’s anger and provoked rebel armies to rise such as the ones gathered by famous Native Emiliano Zapata in the State of Morelos, and the cattle bandit Francisco Villa in the State of Chihuahua.

Facing the whole country's revolt, Diaz left his charge in 1911 and exiled himself in France until his death. Madero won the elections quite easy, practically without opposition however, maybe due to his lack of political experience, he committed some mistakes: he kept some Porfirian members in his Office, he prioritized internal politics above the urging circumstances under which workers and peasants were and insisted in the immediate disarmament of the rebels which were not up to negotiate it without warranties.

A coup d'état, organized by two Porfirians: the Army Commander Victoriano Huerta, and the U.S. Ambassador, ended up the ephemeral government of Madero, who was executed on 1913. Supported by landlords and the U.S. government, Victoriano Huerta took over the presidency and immediately became the blank over which all rebel guerrillas pointed. From the North, governor Venustiano Carranza organized a huge army waving the rebel claims ant attacked Huerta firmly.